A critical approach for efficiently deploying computationally demanding large language models (LLMs) is Key-V alue (KV) caching.

We study adversarially robust transfer learning, wherein, given labeled data on multiple (source) tasks, the goal is to train a model with small robust error on a previously unseen (target) task. In particular, we consider a multi-task representation learning (MTRL) setting, i.e., we assume that the source and target tasks admit a simple (linear) predictor on top of a shared representation (e.g., the final hidden layer of a deep neural network). In this general setting, we provide rates on the excess adversarial (transfer) risk for Lipschitz losses and smooth nonnegative losses. These rates show that learning a representation using adversarial training on diverse tasks helps protect against inference-time attacks in data-scarce environments. Additionally, we provide novel rates for the single-task setting.

Then it fine-tunes the LLM to maximize the learned reward using RL techniques.

The current paradigm of evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) through static benchmarks comes with significant limitations, such as vulnerability to data contamination and a lack of adaptability to the evolving capabilities of LLMs.

However, practical model deployment often operates in the gap between these two limit cases, as real-world applications demand adaptation to specific subdomains, tasks or concepts -- spread over the entire, varying life cycle of a model.